Lecture: Tuesday, 10-12; Prof. Dr. Gerrit Lohmann; Dr. Martin Werner
UniCom 2.270
01-PHY-MA-clis2-V
This lecture will give an overview about the climate system and its changes during the past, focussing on the last few million years. We begin by describing the external astronomical forcing of the climate system and the observed response, as represented by proxy evidence for paleoclimatic variations. The main components and processes of the climate system, as well as available different dating and analyses methods for paleoclimate research will be explained. Key paleoclimate archives, e.g. ice cores, marine sediment cores and different terrestrial records, will be discussed. The general overview will be supplemented by a presentation of some of the latest research results and most important open questions within the related fields of paleoclimate research. We will show that the past climate dynamics broadens our view of the climate system in general, including the positive and negative feedbacks determining climate sensitivity. Such an approach is necessary to put our recent and expected future climate change into a long-term perspective.
Diese Vorlesung gibt einen Überblick über das Klimasystem und seiner Veränderungen in der Vergangenheit. Wir beginnen mit der Beschreibung des äußeren astronomischen Antriebs des Klimasystems und der beobachteten Reaktion, die in Umweltarchiven beobachtet wurden. Die Hauptkomponenten und -prozesse des Klimasystems sowie verschiedene Datierungs- und Analysemethoden für die Paläoklimaforschung werden erläutert. Wichtige Klimaarchive, z.B. Eisbohrkerne, marine Sedimentbohrkerne und verschiedene terrestrische Aufzeichnungen werden diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass die langfristige Klimadynamik unsere Sicht auf das Klimasystem im Allgemeinen erweitert, einschließlich der positiven und negativen Rückkopplungen, die für die Stabilität des Klimas wichtig sind. Wir stellen weiterhin da, wie sich die letzten Dekaden und die erwarteten künftigen Klimawechsel in eine langfristige Perspektive einordnen.
feedback mechanisms in the climate system; the role of the global atmosphere and ocean circulation for long-term climate change; Holocene climate; Climate modes like ENSO and NAO; deglaciation; Glacial climate; Milankovitch theory of the ice ages; Cenozoic climate changes; Biogeochemical cycles; Proxy data; Isotopes
Advanced knowledge of the climate system, applications in the fields of climate. Programming skills and usage of the climate data operators. Practicals complement the lessons.
Ort: UniCom 2.270
Assignment to study programmes: Optional compulsory for MSc Environmental Physics, for MSc Physik (Umweltphysik), MSc Space Sciences and Technologies (Physics for Space Observations)
Workload /credit points: 3 CP, 90 h
• lecture: 28 h (2h x 14 weeks)
• repeating the lectures/learning/reading: 28 h (2h x 14 weeks)
• example homework: 24 h (6 x 4h)
• additional preparation for exam: 10 h
We encourage active participation, some exercises, etc.
You have to pass the oral exam. Room: see below (20-25 min)
The exam is based on the the general content of the lecture and exercises. The procedure follows the rules of pep.
Content: Intro and motivation, climate change, consequences
Content: Water in the Earth system components, Oxygen Isotopes and ice cores, signature in ice cores
Content: Basics in astronomy (Keppler’s laws), Orbital parameters, Dynamics of ice ages, Termination
Overview articles by A. Berger, Labeyrie et al., Wally, GL, wikipedia, Link to the physics experiment with a gyro
Here is Exercise 1 “Tropic of Cancer” to be submitted to GL until Nov 14. Please build groups and send the solutions electronically as pdf, word or LaTex. No handwriting.
Content: Climate of the LGM, circulation, reconstructions of atmospheric gas composition
Exercise 2 “Glacial climate” “Glacial climate”
netcdf file: PI.nc, netcdf file: LGM.nc
Content: Earth orbital variations, Glacial-interglacial changes, Mid-Pleistocene transition
Exercise with orbits and links
Content: Chemical substances, biosphere, turnover times, isotopes, circulation of chemical nutrients (carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)
Content: Different kind of data: historical, reanalysis, paleoclimate data; Model data; Variability, Atmospheric blocking; NAO, statistical climate reconstructions in the Holocene
Exercise “Analysing atmospheric teleconnections”
Content: Cenozoic climate change, Climate warming backwards, Eocene-Oligocene and Miocene transitions, Cretaceous warm planet
Ocean gateways and Greenhouse gases as potential drivers
Content: Climate sensitivity; Feedback analysis
Energy balance and transport in the atmosphere-ocean system
pdf for Data analysis lecture (online)
Bradley, R., Paleoclimatology-Reconstructing climates of the Quaternary,
Saltzman, B., Dynamical Paleoclimatology - A generalized theory of global climate change, Academic Press, San Diego, 2002, 354 pp.
Ruddiman, W.F. Earth’s Climate Past and Future
Paleoclimate, Global Change and the Future, 2003 Keith D. Alverson, Raymond S. Bradley, Thomas F. Pedersen(Editors)
Broecker, W. S.,THE GLACIAL WORLD ACCORDING TO WALLY
Storch and Zwiers, 1999: Statistical analysis in climate reasearch. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-45071-3 StorchZwiers_book.pdf book review frontmatter
Mudelsee M (2014) Climate Time Series Analysis: Classical Statistical and Bootstrap Methods. Second edition. Springer, Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London; xxxii + 454 pp. ISBN: 978-3-319-04449-1, link link2
Rasmus E. Benestad, Deliang Chen & Inger Hanssen-Bauer, 2007: Empirical-statistical downscaling. pdf from Academia.edu
The Warming Papers: The Scientific Foundation for the Climate Change Forecast David Archer and Raymond Pierrehumbert (Eds.). Book about Global warming papers
James Hansen, global climate change
Enter the Anthropocene: Climate Science in the Early 20th Century podcast
IPCC reports: AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023; here is the pdf
older Reports: AR5 IPCC Report, Technical Summary
