Dynamics II course 2019
Lecture: Monday, 14-16, room N 3310
Prof. Dr. Gerrit Lohmann
Tutorial: Monday, 16-17, room N 3310
Tutors: Yuchen Sun, Akil Hossain
starting April 1, 2019 with the lecture
The focus of the course is to identify the underlying dynamics for the atmosphere-ocean system. This is done through theory, numerical models, and statistical data analysis. It has been recognized that the atmospheric and oceanic flow binds together the interactions between the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere that control the planetary environment. The fundamental concepts of atmosphere-ocean flow, energetics, vorticity, wave motion are described. This includes atmospheric wave motion, extratropical synoptic scale systems, the oceanic wind driven and thermohaline circulation. These phenomena are described using the dynamical equations, observational and proxy data, as well basic physical and mathematical concepts. Exercises complement the lessons.
German Version:
In den letzten Jahren wurde erkannt, dass Wechselwirkungen zwischen Klimakomponenten wie der Atmosphäre und des Ozean für die Klimaforschung essenziell sind. Der Schwerpunkt des Kurses liegt auf den theoretischen Grundlagen der Dynamik im Atmosphäre-Ozean-Eissystem. Die grundlegenden Konzepte von Strömungen, Energie, großskalige Wirbel und Wellenbewegung werden beschrieben. Dies umfasst atmosphärische Wellenbewegungen, die ozeanische windinduzierte Strömung und die thermohaline Zirkulation. Anhand von Beispielen werden die grundlegenden Methoden erlernt.
Specific aspects:
Literature:
A script will be provided:
Gerrit Lohmann: Ocean Fluid Dynamics: Concepts, Scaling and Multiple Equilibria.
132 pp. Lecture Notes 2018
with Examples
exercises on paleo server
pdf
studIP
Abstimmungssysteme
weathertank
-----
4 CP, Mandantory course in pep
There are two parts: Course achievements and examination achievements (Studienleistungen und Prüfungsleistungen)
Course achievements: 50% of the points of the exercise sheets are required. Furthermore, we require active participation in the tutorial with at least one time at the blackboard showing a solution in front of the class.
Examination achievements: You have to pass the written exam.
-----
Lecture: Monday, 14-16, room N 3310
Prof. Dr. Gerrit Lohmann
Tutorial: Monday, 16-17, room N 3310
Tutors: Yuchen Sun, Akil Hossain
starting April 1, 2019 with the lecture
The focus of the course is to identify the underlying dynamics for the atmosphere-ocean system. This is done through theory, numerical models, and statistical data analysis. It has been recognized that the atmospheric and oceanic flow binds together the interactions between the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere that control the planetary environment. The fundamental concepts of atmosphere-ocean flow, energetics, vorticity, wave motion are described. This includes atmospheric wave motion, extratropical synoptic scale systems, the oceanic wind driven and thermohaline circulation. These phenomena are described using the dynamical equations, observational and proxy data, as well basic physical and mathematical concepts. Exercises complement the lessons.
German Version:
In den letzten Jahren wurde erkannt, dass Wechselwirkungen zwischen Klimakomponenten wie der Atmosphäre und des Ozean für die Klimaforschung essenziell sind. Der Schwerpunkt des Kurses liegt auf den theoretischen Grundlagen der Dynamik im Atmosphäre-Ozean-Eissystem. Die grundlegenden Konzepte von Strömungen, Energie, großskalige Wirbel und Wellenbewegung werden beschrieben. Dies umfasst atmosphärische Wellenbewegungen, die ozeanische windinduzierte Strömung und die thermohaline Zirkulation. Anhand von Beispielen werden die grundlegenden Methoden erlernt.
Specific aspects:
- Dynamical concepts for climate dynamics: Bifurcations, Feedback analysis
- Instabilities in the atmosphere-ocean system and the dynamics of waves
- Statistical approach of fluid dynamics
- Ocean circulation and atmospheric dynamics
- Climate variability patterns
- Reconstruction of climate, instrumental and proxy data
- Fundamental models: Stochastic climate model, Stommel's box model etc.
Literature:
- Holton, J.R., Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology, Academic Press
- Gill, A., Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, Academic Press
- Dutton, J.A., The Ceaseless Wind, Dover
- Olbers, D.J., Ocean Dynamics, Springer
- Cushman-Roisin, B., ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS
- Cushman-Roisin, B. & Beckers, J.-M., Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Physical and Numerical Aspects
- J. Marchal, R. A. Plumb, 2008. Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics: An Introductory Text. Academic Press, 344 pp; videos pdf
- R. H. Stewart, 2008: Introduction To Physical Oceanography, online Version: http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/home/course_book.htm
- T. F. Stocker, 2011. Introduction to Climate Modelling. Springer. SBN 978-3-642-00773-6
- B. Saltzman, Dynamical Paleoclimatology - A generalized theory of global climate change, Academic Press, San Diego, 2002, 354 pp.
- N. Gershenfeld, The nature of mathematical modeling, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003, 344 pp.
- H. Goose, Climate system dynamics and modelling, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2015, 358 pp.
- The Princeton companion to mathematics / Timothy Gowers, editor ; June Barrow-Green, Imre Leader, associate editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-11880-2
- Statistical Analysis of Climate Series Analyzing, Plotting, Modeling, and Predicting with R Pruscha, Helmut 2013, VIII, 176 p. (link)
- Kämpf, J., 2009: Ocean Modelling for Beginners Using Open-Source Software. Springer. (link)
- Kaper, H.G., Engler, H., 2013: Mathematics and Climate. SIAM. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-611972-60-3
A script will be provided:
Gerrit Lohmann: Ocean Fluid Dynamics: Concepts, Scaling and Multiple Equilibria.
132 pp. Lecture Notes 2018
with Examples
exercises on paleo server
studIP
Abstimmungssysteme
weathertank
-----
4 CP, Mandantory course in pep
There are two parts: Course achievements and examination achievements (Studienleistungen und Prüfungsleistungen)
Course achievements: 50% of the points of the exercise sheets are required. Furthermore, we require active participation in the tutorial with at least one time at the blackboard showing a solution in front of the class.
Examination achievements: You have to pass the written exam.
-----
Preliminary time table:
before April 1:
Chapter 1;
Repeat the material of Dynamics I and other courses, prepare for Dynamics II (pdf) (GL)
Prepare your own laptop (instal R) For programming issues, we will start to work with examples. Please download the open source software R (http://cran.r-project.org/),
for nice features, you may also download Rstudio: http://www.rstudio.com/ (there is also a nice tutorial, and hands-on courses for beginners and even R experts).
April 1:
14-16: Lecture 1 (GL)
Overview of Dynamics II (Chapter 4)
Fluid Dynamics, Non-dimensional parameters, dynamical similarity
Elimination of the pressure term and vorticity
16-17 Tutorial: (GL)
Exercise 1 distributed, preparation_NetCDF_CDO_tutorial.pdf, download_data.pdf
April 8:
14-16: Lecture 2 (Christian Stepanek)
Lecture about programming: bash, csh, cdo (Chapter 2.2)
programming_course_intro_netcdf_cdo_shell 2019
cdo_examples
16-17: Tutorial (CS): Exercise 1 collected,
Exercise 2 distributed
April 15:
Easter: no lecture
April 22:
Easter: no lecture
For reading: A very short intro into R , and the Script of the lecture.
April 29:
14-16: Lecture 4 (GL)
Rayleigh-Bénard convection and the Lorenz system
Bifurcations
(Chapter 5.3; Chapter 2.3)
Experiments: trailer Cellules de Bénard, Rayleigh–Bénard convection made with mix of cooking oil and small aluminium particles, Was haben Benard-Zellen mit Kochen zu tun?
Simulations: Rayleigh Benard Thermal Convection with LBM, Rayleigh Benard Thermal Convection 3D Simulation
Sketch, Clouds, Cartoon
16-17: Tutorial (AH)
Exercise 1 discussed, Exercise 2 collected, Exercise 3 distributed
May 6:
14-16: Lecture 4 about Ocean Dynamics (GL)
Coriolis effect
Scaling of the dynamical equations
Geostrophy
Vorticity
Wind-driven ocean circulation
(Chapter 6.1-6.6)
Water tank experiments: Taylor column. A Taylor column is a fluid dynamics phenomenon that occurs as a result of the Coriolis effect. It was named after Geoffrey Ingram Taylor. Rotating fluids that are perturbed by a solid body tend to form columns parallel to the axis of rotation called Taylor columns. At levels below the top of the obstacle, the flow must of course go around it. But the Taylor-Proudman theorem says that the flow must be the same at all levels in the fluid: so, at all heights, the flow must be deflected as if the bump on the boundary extended all the way through the fluid!
16-17: Tutorial (GL)
Exercise 3 collected, Exercise 4 distributed
Projects in Dynamics II (please ask)
May 13:
14-16: Lecture 5 about Atlantic deep ocean circulation (GL)
Wind-driven ocean circulation
Vorticity dynamics
Simple model of meridional overturning
(Chapter 6.6, 6.7, 7.1, 7.2)
Model scenarios
16-17: Tutorial (YS)
Exercise 3 discussed, Exercise 4 collected, Exercise 5 distributed
May 20:
14-16: Lecture 6 about Shallow water equations and waves (GL)
Rossby, Gravity, Kelvin waves
Plain waves
Scaling
(Chapter 8)
16-17: Tutorial (YS)
Exercise 4 discussed, Exercise 5 collected, Exercise 6 Exercise 6 distributed
May 27: AWI day
Glaskasten, Bussestr. 24, Bremerhaven
09:00 - 09:20 Overview AWI (TK)
09:30 -10:20 Climate System (TK)
10:30 -11:20 Polar Oceanography (TK)
11:30-12:45: Lecture 7: Dynamics at AWI (GL)
Simple model of meridional overturning (Chapter 7.1, 7.2)
Application: Climate-Box-Model scenarios
Scenario of climate change as shown in the cinema movie The Day After Tomorrow: trailer 1, trailer 2, trailer 3, full movie .
Rossby waves naturally occur in rotating fluids. Within the Earth's ocean and atmosphere, these planetary waves play a significant role in shaping weather: Rossby wave animation, Extremes and Rossby waves, Jet streams,
Rossby wave in a tank, experiment in a tank, experiment in a tank
shallow2D_rossby.r for your R application
Equatorial waves: Theory of Matsuno
13:00-14:00 Lunch in the Mensa
14:00 - 15:00: AWI Ice core Lab (GL)
15:20-16:00 Tutorial (CS): Exercise 2 discussed, Exercise 6 collected, Exercise 7 distributed
June 3:
14-16: Lecture 8 about Climate variability and dynamics (Martin Wegmann)
pdf of the Lecture
16-17: Tutorial (MW)
Exercises in R
Intro into R for Dynamics, Rmarkdown
(Chapter 2.1)
R in 2018
Exercise 7 collected
Exercise 8 distributed
June 10: Pentecost: Holiday in Germany, no lecture
June 17:
14-16: Lecture 9 about Stochastic climate model (GL)
Scaling: Brownian motion and stochastic climate model (Chapter 7.3)
Brownian Motion
16-17: Tutorial (YS, AH)
Exercises 5,6 discussed, Exercise 8 collected, Exercise 9 distributed
June 24:
AWI-IUP Blockseminar at AWI Bremerhaven (GL)
ca. 9-16h; (train goes at 8:56 Bremen HbF; train from Bremerhaven HbF 15:28) Glaskasten, Bussestr. 24, Bremerhaven
for the topic "Challenges for Earth System Modelling: The AWI-IUP perspective".
July 1:
14-15 Tutorial (YS, AH):
Exercises 7,8 discussed, Exercise 9 collected
15-17: Test exam (GL)
July 8:
14-16: Lecture 11 (GL)
Summary of Dynamics II (pdf of the Lecture)
16-17 Tutorial (YS, AH): Exercises 9 discussed; Re-Questions to exercises and test exam
what is missing?
Short: Coarse-graining and filtering, kinetic models, entropy production (Chapter 3.5)
The Boltzmann Equation and Navier Stokes Equation
Application: Simulation set-up of the Rayleigh-Bénard convection
August 21: Exam (written, 10-12), room (see anouncement in the pep office)
The exam is based on the exercises and the general content of the lecture. The procedure follows the rules of pep.
The perfect score for the exam is 100 points, although the sum of the problems is 150. Therefore, you can choose among the problems to solve. 50 points are necessary for the course. Keep in mind that each problem has a different number of points. You are allowed to use a calculator & pen. Collaboration or use of alternative sources of information is not allowed.
before April 1:
Chapter 1;
Repeat the material of Dynamics I and other courses, prepare for Dynamics II (pdf) (GL)
Prepare your own laptop (instal R) For programming issues, we will start to work with examples. Please download the open source software R (http://cran.r-project.org/),
for nice features, you may also download Rstudio: http://www.rstudio.com/ (there is also a nice tutorial, and hands-on courses for beginners and even R experts).
April 1:
14-16: Lecture 1 (GL)
Overview of Dynamics II (Chapter 4)
Fluid Dynamics, Non-dimensional parameters, dynamical similarity
Elimination of the pressure term and vorticity
16-17 Tutorial: (GL)
Exercise 1 distributed, preparation_NetCDF_CDO_tutorial.pdf, download_data.pdf
April 8:
14-16: Lecture 2 (Christian Stepanek)
Lecture about programming: bash, csh, cdo (Chapter 2.2)
programming_course_intro_netcdf_cdo_shell 2019
cdo_examples
16-17: Tutorial (CS): Exercise 1 collected,
Exercise 2 distributed
April 15:
Easter: no lecture
April 22:
Easter: no lecture
For reading: A very short intro into R , and the Script of the lecture.
April 29:
14-16: Lecture 4 (GL)
Rayleigh-Bénard convection and the Lorenz system
Bifurcations
(Chapter 5.3; Chapter 2.3)
Experiments: trailer Cellules de Bénard, Rayleigh–Bénard convection made with mix of cooking oil and small aluminium particles, Was haben Benard-Zellen mit Kochen zu tun?
Simulations: Rayleigh Benard Thermal Convection with LBM, Rayleigh Benard Thermal Convection 3D Simulation
Sketch, Clouds, Cartoon
16-17: Tutorial (AH)
Exercise 1 discussed, Exercise 2 collected, Exercise 3 distributed
May 6:
14-16: Lecture 4 about Ocean Dynamics (GL)
Coriolis effect
Scaling of the dynamical equations
Geostrophy
Vorticity
Wind-driven ocean circulation
(Chapter 6.1-6.6)
Water tank experiments: Taylor column. A Taylor column is a fluid dynamics phenomenon that occurs as a result of the Coriolis effect. It was named after Geoffrey Ingram Taylor. Rotating fluids that are perturbed by a solid body tend to form columns parallel to the axis of rotation called Taylor columns. At levels below the top of the obstacle, the flow must of course go around it. But the Taylor-Proudman theorem says that the flow must be the same at all levels in the fluid: so, at all heights, the flow must be deflected as if the bump on the boundary extended all the way through the fluid!
16-17: Tutorial (GL)
Exercise 3 collected, Exercise 4 distributed
Projects in Dynamics II (please ask)
May 13:
14-16: Lecture 5 about Atlantic deep ocean circulation (GL)
Wind-driven ocean circulation
Vorticity dynamics
Simple model of meridional overturning
(Chapter 6.6, 6.7, 7.1, 7.2)
Model scenarios
16-17: Tutorial (YS)
Exercise 3 discussed, Exercise 4 collected, Exercise 5 distributed
May 20:
14-16: Lecture 6 about Shallow water equations and waves (GL)
Rossby, Gravity, Kelvin waves
Plain waves
Scaling
(Chapter 8)
16-17: Tutorial (YS)
Exercise 4 discussed, Exercise 5 collected, Exercise 6 Exercise 6 distributed
May 27: AWI day
Glaskasten, Bussestr. 24, Bremerhaven
09:00 - 09:20 Overview AWI (TK)
09:30 -10:20 Climate System (TK)
10:30 -11:20 Polar Oceanography (TK)
11:30-12:45: Lecture 7: Dynamics at AWI (GL)
Simple model of meridional overturning (Chapter 7.1, 7.2)
Application: Climate-Box-Model scenarios
Scenario of climate change as shown in the cinema movie The Day After Tomorrow: trailer 1, trailer 2, trailer 3, full movie .
Rossby waves naturally occur in rotating fluids. Within the Earth's ocean and atmosphere, these planetary waves play a significant role in shaping weather: Rossby wave animation, Extremes and Rossby waves, Jet streams,
Rossby wave in a tank, experiment in a tank, experiment in a tank
shallow2D_rossby.r for your R application
Equatorial waves: Theory of Matsuno
13:00-14:00 Lunch in the Mensa
14:00 - 15:00: AWI Ice core Lab (GL)
15:20-16:00 Tutorial (CS): Exercise 2 discussed, Exercise 6 collected, Exercise 7 distributed
June 3:
14-16: Lecture 8 about Climate variability and dynamics (Martin Wegmann)
pdf of the Lecture
16-17: Tutorial (MW)
Exercises in R
Intro into R for Dynamics, Rmarkdown
(Chapter 2.1)
R in 2018
Exercise 7 collected
Exercise 8 distributed
June 10: Pentecost: Holiday in Germany, no lecture
June 17:
14-16: Lecture 9 about Stochastic climate model (GL)
Scaling: Brownian motion and stochastic climate model (Chapter 7.3)
Brownian Motion
16-17: Tutorial (YS, AH)
Exercises 5,6 discussed, Exercise 8 collected, Exercise 9 distributed
June 24:
AWI-IUP Blockseminar at AWI Bremerhaven (GL)
ca. 9-16h; (train goes at 8:56 Bremen HbF; train from Bremerhaven HbF 15:28) Glaskasten, Bussestr. 24, Bremerhaven
for the topic "Challenges for Earth System Modelling: The AWI-IUP perspective".
July 1:
14-15 Tutorial (YS, AH):
Exercises 7,8 discussed, Exercise 9 collected
15-17: Test exam (GL)
July 8:
14-16: Lecture 11 (GL)
Summary of Dynamics II (pdf of the Lecture)
16-17 Tutorial (YS, AH): Exercises 9 discussed; Re-Questions to exercises and test exam
what is missing?
Short: Coarse-graining and filtering, kinetic models, entropy production (Chapter 3.5)
The Boltzmann Equation and Navier Stokes Equation
Application: Simulation set-up of the Rayleigh-Bénard convection
August 21: Exam (written, 10-12), room (see anouncement in the pep office)
The exam is based on the exercises and the general content of the lecture. The procedure follows the rules of pep.
The perfect score for the exam is 100 points, although the sum of the problems is 150. Therefore, you can choose among the problems to solve. 50 points are necessary for the course. Keep in mind that each problem has a different number of points. You are allowed to use a calculator & pen. Collaboration or use of alternative sources of information is not allowed.